On August 15, 2008, the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) issued two consecutive Notice of Apparent Liabilities (“NALs”) against Cardinal Broadband, LLC (“Cardinal”) for failure to supply E911 to customers of its interconnected VoIP service and for failure to provide correct factual informal in response to the FCC’s informational response. For each of these violations, the FCC fined Cardinal $25,000, for a total of $50,000. The FCC also noted in their NALs that the decisions may also give rise to further FCC investigation into whether Cardinal was in compliance with other regulatory obligations applicable to interconnected VoIP providers, such as CALEA, TRS, CPNI, and USF contribution.